Inhibiting chronic blood and nephrological disorders using lysine-based supplements

ABSTRACT

A method of affecting blood chemistry using a supplement may comprise: measuring a blood glucose level; determining a blood glucose level; and if the blood glucose level exceeds a threshold, administering a supplement comprising lysine, zinc, and vitamin C.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/870,813 filed on Jan. 12, 2018, which isa continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/817,574,filed on Nov. 20, 2017, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/581,573, filed on Nov. 3, 2017, the contents all ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure is generally related to dietary supplements, andmore specifically, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to theuse of lysine, zinc, and vitamin C to inhibit chronic kidney disease(CKD).

BACKGROUND

Glycation is the bonding of a simple sugar to a protein or lipidmolecule. Glycation may be either exogenous (i.e., outside the body) orendogenous (i.e., inside the body). Endogenous glycation mainly occursin the bloodstream to absorbed simple sugars, such as glucose, fructose,and galactose. Glycation is the first change of these molecules in aslow multi-step process which leads to advanced glycation end products(AGEs). Because AGEs are irreversible end products of a glycationprocess, stopping the glycation process before AGEs form is important.AGEs may be benign, but many are implicated in many age-related chronicdiseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease,cancer, chronic kidney disease (CKD), atherosclerosis, peripheralneuropathy, and other sensory losses such as deafness. Preventing thisprocess may also help regulate creatinine levels of people with diabetesand creatinine levels of people with CKD.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure, in accordance with one or more variousembodiments, is described in detail with reference to the followingfigures. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only andmerely depict typical or example embodiments of the invention. Thesedrawings are provided to facilitate the reader's understanding of theinvention and shall not be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, orapplicability of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of endogenous glycation,consistent with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of glycation occurring witha supplement containing lysine, zinc, and vitamin C, consistent withembodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating an example method of monitoring theeffectiveness of lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplements from abio-sample, consistent with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating an example method of treatingdiabetes using lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplements, consistent withembodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an example method of treatingchronic kidney disease using lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplements,consistent with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 6 is a table illustrating the relationship between a stage ofchronic kidney disease and the related glomerular filtration rate range,consistent with embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary computing module that maybe used to implement any of the embodiments disclosed herein.

These figures are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit theinvention to the precise form disclosed. It should be understood thatthe invention can be practiced with modification and alteration, andthat the invention be limited only by the claims and the equivalentsthereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure is directed towards treatment of CKD usingsupplements containing lysine, zinc, and vitamin C. More specifically,embodiments disclosed herein are directed towards methods for detectingthe effectiveness of lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplements incompeting with existing protein and lipid molecules settled within thebody to reduce the number of glycated proteins and to prevent AGEs.Lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplements may also be used to treatchronic kidney disease (CKD). For example, combined supplementformulations of lysine, zinc, and vitamin C may interact with simplesugars that might otherwise interact with existing protein to createglycated proteins and AGEs that lead to various chronic health problems.For example, the supplement may comprise a range of about 500 mg toabout 2000 mg of lysine, a range of about 50 mg to about 200 mg of zinc,and a range of about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C. In otherembodiment, the ranges of lysine, zinc, or vitamin C may be different.The effectiveness of the lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplements may bemeasured through bio-sample analysis, such as a blood test forhemoglobin A1c or for creatinine. The inclusion of zinc significantlyincreases the efficacy of a supplement containing only lysine. Theinclusion of zinc allows for the reduction in dosage/pill size with sameor better results. The inclusion of vitamin C may further reduce theeffects of diabetes and CKD.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of endogenous glycation. Asillustrated in FIG. 1, the absorbed simple sugars 100 may includeglucose. As is known in the art, the simple sugars may also includefructose and galactose. Fructose experiences up to ten times the amountof glycation activity compared to glucose. As an example, FIG. 1illustrates the structural formula for glucose. Simple sugar 100 mayinteract with a protein molecule 110 resulting in endogenous glycation120. As an example, the general structural formula for an amino acid isalso illustrated in FIG. 1. Various other proteins may interact with thesimple sugar 100. In another embodiment, various lipid molecules mayinteract with the simple sugar 100. In particular, with endogenousglycation, the covalent bonding between simple sugar 100 and proteinmolecule 110 may occur without the control of an enzyme. Endogenousglycation occurs mainly in the bloodstream.

Glycation 130 may be a first step before these new molecules undergopost glycation reactions 140, such as Schiff base and Amadori reactions.For example, the aldehyde group of a glucose molecule may combine withthe amino group of a L-lysine molecule, from a protein molecule, to forma Schiff base. In essence, a double bond may be formed between theglucose's carbon atoms and the lysine's nitrogen atoms. The Amadoriproduct rearranges the formation of the Schiff base. As a result, AGEs150 may be formed. For example, when an Amadori product may be oxidized,AGEs 150 are formed. While some AGEs are benign, others may contributeto cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and otherchronic diseases associated with diabetes.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of glycation occurring witha supplement containing lysine , zinc, and vitamin C. In this case, thesimple sugars 200 interact with the lysine, zinc, and vitamin Csupplement 210 instead of the protein molecule 110. As described above,Schiff bases form when the amino group of a lysine molecule, which is apart of a protein molecule, covalently bond with the aldehyde group of aglucose molecule. However, when a supplement containing lysine isadministered, the aldehyde group of a glucose molecule may bind to thelysine instead of the lysine molecule portion of the protein molecule.The supplement may contain D-lysine or L-lysine. Glycation 220 mayoccur, but AGEs are prevented from occurring within the body, andglycated hemoglobin may be reduced. Even if Amadori products occur andAGEs form, they are not introduced into the body because the glycatedlysine may be harmlessly removed through the urine. As set forth herein,it has been determined that the inclusion of zinc significantlyincreases the efficacy of a supplement containing lysine, therebyallowing for a significant reduction in dosage/pill size with same orbetter results. In some embodiments, a dietary supplement may include acombination of lysine, zinc, vitamin C and other nutritionalsupplements, e.g., vitamin B12, vitamin E, or other nutritionalsupplements. For example, a dietary supplement including lysine, zinc,and vitamin C may improve immune system functionality and lower glucoselevels

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating an example method of monitoring theeffectiveness of lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplements from abio-sample 300. For example, method 300 may include administering alysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplement at step 310. For example, thesupplement may comprise a range of about 500 mg to about 2000 mg oflysine, a range of about 50 mg to about 200 mg of zinc, and a range ofabout 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C. In other embodiments, theranges of lysine, zinc, or vitamin C may be different. In still otherembodiments, the supplement may comprise lysine and zinc, lysine andvitamin C, lysine, zinc, and vitamin C, and/or other combinations. Thelysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplement may be administered in a pill,gummy, tablet, shake, capsule, liquid extract, drink, or nutritional barmedium. The lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplement may also come invarious other mediums. The lysine portion of the lysine, zinc, andvitamin C supplement may be D-lysine or L-lysine. D-lysine, is notnaturally produced within the body, and has similar chemicalcharacteristics to L-lysine. Simple sugars may interact with D- andL-lysine in in lieu of free amino groups in structural proteins withinthe system. L-lysine occurs naturally in the body. Naturally occurringL-lysine may be a side-chain residue of ingested protein. L-lysine mayhave a bitter and/or sweet taste, making it more suitable for particularsupplement mediums.

Method 300 may also include monitoring the effectiveness of the lysine,zinc, and vitamin C supplement at step 320. In some embodiments,effectiveness of the lysine treatment may be monitored by analyzingblood or urine samples. The glycated lysine may harmlessly pass throughthe urine upon interacting with simple sugars. A urine sample may beobtained and analyzed using a fructosamine test that measures glycatedlysine. In other embodiments, a urine sample can be analyzed using avisual test. For example, some urine tests may expose the urine sampleto a reagent which causes a color change indicating the concentrationrange of lysine within the urine. In some embodiments, a more precisetest may be used to indicate quantitative levels of glycated lysine inthe urine sample. In addition, the urine sample may also be used tomonitor creatinine control, particularly useful for people with chronickidney disease. As the lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplement interactswith sugar, less hemoglobin may be glycated as a result. As a result,blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels may decrease. Moreover, thelysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplement may reduce creatinine levels.

In another embodiment, the lysine concentration may be monitored usingan automatic reader. For example, an optical reader on a smartphone maybe used to capture the lysine concentration measurements taken on atest. An optical reader may include a camera on a smartphone. Themeasurement may be captured by the optical reader using the test wherethe glycated lysine concentration was measured. In some embodiments, thevalue may be manually input into the automatic reader. An optical readermay capture the measurement and transmit the measurement to a datastore. Depending on this value, the automatic reader may providenotifications on whether lysine supplements are appropriate toadminister. The notification may include a pop-up, a vibration, or anoise. The notifications may continue over time. The period betweennotifications may increase over time. The notifications may be stoppedby user input. As more data is stored, a more precise dosage of lysinesupplements may be determined to be taken over a period of time.

Method 300 may also include determining any change in the dosage of thelysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplement, if necessary, as in step 330. Inone embodiment, a visual cue test may help determine whether more orless lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplements may need to be taken. Inanother embodiment, a specific value on a test may indicate whether moreor less lysine supplements should be taken.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating an example method of treatingdiabetes using lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplements 400. For example,method 400 may include measuring the current blood glucose level from atest at step 410. For example, the supplement may comprise a range ofabout 500 mg to about 2000 mg of lysine, a range of about 50 mg to about200 mg of zinc, and a range of about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C.In other embodiments, the ranges of lysine, zinc, or vitamin C may bedifferent. In still other embodiments, the supplement may compriselysine and zinc, lysine and vitamin C, lysine, zinc, and vitamin C,and/or other combinations. The test may include a fingerprick test thatquantitatively indicates a blood glucose level. Method 400 may alsoinclude determining blood glucose level at step 420. Using the bloodglucose level measurement from step 410, it may be determined that theblood glucose level is too high. Method 400 may also includeadministering lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplements, based on bloodglucose level at step 430. If the blood glucose level is too high, itmay be appropriate to administer lysine, zinc, and vitamin Csupplements. The supplement may be administered in a pill, gummy form,tablet, powder for a shake, capsule, liquid extract, drink, ornutritional bar medium. The lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplement mayalso come in various other mediums. The appropriate dosage will dependon the measured blood glucose level.

Method 400 may also include waiting for lysine to interact with absorbedsugars at step 440. After administering the lysine, zinc, and vitamin Csupplement, a period of time should pass to allow the supplement tointeract with the sugar. Method 400 may also include measuring bloodglucose level after administering lysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplementat step 450. After the appropriate period of time, the blood glucoselevel may be tested again to monitor any changes before and after thesupplement was taken. If blood glucose levels are within an appropriaterange, no more supplements may need to be taken. Method 400 may alsoinclude repeating the above steps as necessary to reduce blood glucoselevels at step 460. If the measured blood glucose level taken after thelysine, zinc, and vitamin C supplement is not within an appropriaterange, additional supplements may need to be taken to reduce bloodglucose levels.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an example method of treating CKDusing supplements with lysine, zinc, and/or vitamin C 500. For example,method 500 may include measuring the current creatinine levels from atest at step 510. For example, the supplement may comprise a range ofabout 500 mg to about 2000 mg of lysine, a range of about 50 mg to about200 mg of zinc, and a range of about 50 mg to about 500 mg of vitamin C.In other embodiments, the ranges of lysine, zinc, or vitamin C may bedifferent. In still other embodiments, the supplement may compriselysine and zinc, lysine and vitamin C, lysine, zinc, and vitamin C,and/or other combinations. The test may include a fingerprick test thatquantitatively indicates a creatinine level. Method 500 may also includedetermining creatinine levels at step 520. Method 500 may also includedetermining a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at step 530. Using thecreatinine concentration measurement from step 510, the GFR may bedetermined. Method 500 may also include determining a stage of CKD atstep 540. Using the GFR, an individual's weight, age, height, and otherfactors, the CKD may be determined. A GFR greater than about 90milliliters per minute per 1.73 square meters might indicate stage 1CKD. A GFR between about 60 and about 90 milliliters per minute per 1.73square meters might indicate stage 2 CKD. A GFR between about 30 andabout 60 milliliters per minute per 1.73 square meters might indicatestage 3 CKD. A GFR between about 15 and about 30 milliliters per minuteper 1.73 square meters might indicate stage 4 CKD. A GFR less than about15 milliliters per minute per 1.73 square meters might indicate stage 5CKD. FIG. 6 more clearly illustrates this relationship between GFR andthe stage of CKD.

Method 500 may also include administering supplements with lysine, zinc,and/or vitamin C, based on GFR at step 550. If the creatinine level istoo high, it may be appropriate to administer supplements with lysine,zinc, and/or vitamin C. The supplement may be administered in a pill,gummy form, tablet, powder for a shake, capsule, liquid extract, drink,or nutritional bar medium. The supplements with lysine, zinc, and/orvitamin C may also come in various other mediums. The appropriate dosagewill depend on the measured creatinine level.

Method 500 may also include measuring a creatinine level afteradministering supplements with lysine, zinc, and/or vitamin C at step560. After the appropriate period of time, the creatinine level may betested again to monitor any changes before and after the supplement wastaken. If creatinine levels are within an appropriate range, no moresupplements may need to be taken. Method 500 may also include repeatingthe above steps as necessary to reduce creatinine levels at step 570. Ifthe measured creatinine level taken after the supplements with lysine,zinc, and/or vitamin C is not within an appropriate range, additionalsupplements may need to be taken to reduce blood glucose levels.

As used herein, the terms logical circuit and engine might describe agiven unit of functionality that may be performed in accordance with oneor more embodiments of the technology disclosed herein. As used herein,either a logical circuit or an engine might be implemented utilizing anyform of hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, oneor more processors, controllers, ASICs, PLAs, PALs, CPLDs, FPGAs,logical components, software routines or other mechanisms might beimplemented to make up a engine. In implementation, the various enginesdescribed herein might be implemented as discrete engines or thefunctions and features described may be shared in part or in total amongone or more engines. In other words, as would be apparent to one ofordinary skill in the art after reading this description, the variousfeatures and functionality described herein may be implemented in anygiven application and may be implemented in one or more separate orshared engines in various combinations and permutations. Even thoughvarious features or elements of functionality may be individuallydescribed or claimed as separate engines, one of ordinary skill in theart will understand that these features and functionality may be sharedamong one or more common software and hardware elements, and suchdescription shall not require or imply that separate hardware orsoftware components are used to implement such features orfunctionality.

Where components, logical circuits, or engines of the technology areimplemented in whole or in part using software, in one embodiment, thesesoftware elements may be implemented to operate with a computing orlogical circuit capable of carrying out the functionality described withrespect thereto. One such example logical circuit is shown in FIG. 7.Various embodiments are described in terms of this example logicalcircuit 700. After reading this description, it will become apparent toa person skilled in the relevant art how to implement the technologyusing other logical circuits or architectures.

Referring now to FIG. 7, computing system 700 may represent, forexample, computing or processing capabilities found within desktop,laptop and notebook computers; hand-held computing devices (PDA's, smartphones, cell phones, palmtops, etc.); mainframes, supercomputers,workstations or servers; or any other type of special-purpose orgeneral-purpose computing devices as may be desirable or appropriate fora given application or environment. Logical circuit 700 might alsorepresent computing capabilities embedded within or otherwise availableto a given device. For example, a logical circuit might be found inother electronic devices such as, for example, digital cameras,navigation systems, cellular telephones, portable computing devices,modems, routers, WAPs, terminals and other electronic devices that mightinclude some form of processing capability.

Computing system 700 might include, for example, one or more processors,controllers, control engines, or other processing devices, such as aprocessor 704. Processor 704 might be implemented using ageneral-purpose or special-purpose processing engine such as, forexample, a microprocessor, controller, or other control logic. In theillustrated example, processor 704 is connected to a bus 702, althoughany communication medium may be used to facilitate interaction withother components of logical circuit 700 or to communicate externally.

Computing system 700 might also include one or more memory engines,simply referred to herein as main memory 708. For example, preferablyrandom access memory (RAM) or other dynamic memory, might be used forstoring information and instructions to be executed by processor 704.Main memory 708 might also be used for storing temporary variables orother intermediate information during execution of instructions to beexecuted by processor 704. Logical circuit 700 might likewise include aread only memory (“ROM”) or other static storage device coupled to bus702 for storing static information and instructions for processor 704.

The computing system 700 might also include one or more various forms ofinformation storage mechanism 710, which might include, for example, amedia drive 712 and a storage unit interface 720. The media drive 712might include a drive or other mechanism to support fixed or removablestorage media 714. For example, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive,a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, a CD or DVD drive (R orRW), or other removable or fixed media drive might be provided.Accordingly, storage media 714 might include, for example, a hard disk,a floppy disk, magnetic tape, cartridge, optical disk, a CD or DVD, orother fixed or removable medium that is read by, written to or accessedby media drive 712. As these examples illustrate, the storage media 714can include a computer usable storage medium having stored thereincomputer software or data.

In alternative embodiments, information storage mechanism 710 mightinclude other similar instrumentalities for allowing computer programsor other instructions or data to be loaded into logical circuit 700.Such instrumentalities might include, for example, a fixed or removablestorage unit 722 and an interface 720. Examples of such storage units722 and interfaces 720 can include a program cartridge and cartridgeinterface, a removable memory (for example, a flash memory or otherremovable memory engine) and memory slot, a PCMCIA slot and card, andother fixed or removable storage units 722 and interfaces 720 that allowsoftware and data to be transferred from the storage unit 722 to logicalcircuit 700.

Logical circuit 700 might also include a communications interface 726.Communications interface 726 might be used to allow software and data tobe transferred between logical circuit 700 and external devices.Examples of communications interface 726 might include a modem orsoftmodem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet, network interfacecard, WiMedia, IEEE 802.XX or other interface), a communications port(such as for example, a USB port, IR port, RS232 port Bluetooth®interface, or other port), or other communications interface. Softwareand data transferred via communications interface 726 might typically becarried on signals, which can be electronic, electromagnetic (whichincludes optical) or other signals capable of being exchanged by a givencommunications interface 726. These signals might be provided tocommunications interface 726 via a channel 728. This channel 728 mightcarry signals and might be implemented using a wired or wirelesscommunication medium. Some examples of a channel might include a phoneline, a cellular link, an RF link, an optical link, a network interface,a local or wide area network, and other wired or wireless communicationschannels.

In this document, the terms “computer program medium” and “computerusable medium” are used to generally refer to media such as, forexample, memory 708, storage unit 720, media 714, and channel 728. Theseand other various forms of computer program media or computer usablemedia may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or moreinstructions to a processing device for execution. Such instructionsembodied on the medium, are generally referred to as “computer programcode” or a “computer program product” (which may be grouped in the formof computer programs or other groupings). When executed, suchinstructions might enable the logical circuit 700 to perform features orfunctions of the disclosed technology as discussed herein.

Although FIG. 7 depicts a computer network, it is understood that thedisclosure is not limited to operation with a computer network, butrather, the disclosure may be practiced in any suitable electronicdevice. Accordingly, the computer network depicted in FIG. 7 is forillustrative purposes only and thus is not meant to limit the disclosurein any respect.

While various embodiments of the disclosed technology have beendescribed above, it should be understood that they have been presentedby way of example only, and not of limitation. Likewise, the variousdiagrams may depict an example architectural or other configuration forthe disclosed technology, which is done to aid in understanding thefeatures and functionality that can be included in the disclosedtechnology. The disclosed technology is not restricted to theillustrated example architectures or configurations, but the desiredfeatures can be implemented using a variety of alternative architecturesand configurations. Indeed, it will be apparent to one of skill in theart how alternative functional, logical or physical partitioning andconfigurations can be implemented to implement the desired features ofthe technology disclosed herein. Also, a multitude of differentconstituent engine names other than those depicted herein can be appliedto the various partitions.

Additionally, with regard to flow diagrams, operational descriptions andmethod claims, the order in which the steps are presented herein shallnot mandate that various embodiments be implemented to perform therecited functionality in the same order unless the context dictatesotherwise.

Although the disclosed technology is described above in terms of variousexemplary embodiments and implementations, it should be understood thatthe various features, aspects and functionality described in one or moreof the individual embodiments are not limited in their applicability tothe particular embodiment with which they are described, but instead canbe applied, alone or in various combinations, to one or more of theother embodiments of the disclosed technology, whether or not suchembodiments are described and whether or not such features are presentedas being a part of a described embodiment. Thus, the breadth and scopeof the technology disclosed herein should not be limited by any of theabove-described exemplary embodiments.

Terms and phrases used in this document, and variations thereof, unlessotherwise expressly stated, should be construed as open ended as opposedto limiting. As examples of the foregoing: the term “including” shouldbe read as meaning “including, without limitation” or the like; the term“example” is used to provide exemplary instances of the item indiscussion, not an exhaustive or limiting list thereof; the terms “a” or“an” should be read as meaning “at least one,” “one or more” or thelike; and adjectives such as “conventional,” “traditional,” “normal,”“standard,” “known” and terms of similar meaning should not be construedas limiting the item described to a given time period or to an itemavailable as of a given time, but instead should be read to encompassconventional, traditional, normal, or standard technologies that may beavailable or known now or at any time in the future. Likewise, wherethis document refers to technologies that would be apparent or known toone of ordinary skill in the art, such technologies encompass thoseapparent or known to the skilled artisan now or at any time in thefuture.

The presence of broadening words and phrases such as “one or more,” “atleast,” “but not limited to” or other like phrases in some instancesshall not be read to mean that the narrower case is intended or requiredin instances where such broadening phrases may be absent. The use of theterm “engine” does not imply that the components or functionalitydescribed or claimed as part of the engine are all configured in acommon package. Indeed, any or all of the various components of anengine, whether control logic or other components, can be combined in asingle package or separately maintained and can further be distributedin multiple groupings or packages or across multiple locations.

Additionally, the various embodiments set forth herein are described interms of exemplary block diagrams, flow charts and other illustrations.As will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art afterreading this document, the illustrated embodiments and their variousalternatives can be implemented without confinement to the illustratedexamples. For example, block diagrams and their accompanying descriptionshould not be construed as mandating a particular architecture orconfiguration.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of affecting blood chemistry using asupplement, the method comprising: measuring a current blood glucoselevel of an individual from a biochemistry test; determining the currentblood glucose level; and based on the current blood glucose level,administering a supplement to the individual comprising lysine, zinc,and vitamin C to reduce the current blood glucose level.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein the test comprises a fingerprick test thatquantitatively indicates the current blood glucose level.
 3. The methodof claim 1, further comprising displaying, on a graphical userinterface, the current blood glucose level.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the test comprises a fingerprick test that uses visual cues toindicate the current blood glucose level.
 5. The method of claim 1,further comprising: measuring a second blood glucose level afteradministering the supplement; and based on the second blood glucoselevel, administering a second dose of the supplement comprising lysine,zinc, and vitamin C to reduce the second blood glucose level.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the supplement comprises a range of about 500mg to about 3000 mg of lysine.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein thesupplement comprises less than about 200 mg of zinc.
 8. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the supplement comprises a range of about 50 mg toabout 500 mg of vitamin C.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein thesupplement comprises a range of about 500 mg to about 3000 mg of lysine,a range of less than about 200 mg of zinc, and a range of about 50 mg toabout 500 mg vitamin C.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein administeringthe supplement comprises administering the supplement in the form of apill, gummy, tablet, shake, capsule, liquid extract, drink, ornutritional bar medium.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein a lysineportion of the supplement comprises D-lysine.
 12. The method of claim 1,wherein a lysine portion of the supplement comprises L-lysine.
 13. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: measuring a current HbA1c levelof an individual from the biochemistry test; determining the currentHbA1c level; and based on the current HbA1C level, administering thesupplement to the individual comprising lysine, zinc, and vitamin C toreduce the current HbA1c level.